Key Idea 5

Some Major bones in the body;

Femur: The largest bone in the body and the strongest

Ribs: 11 Long curved bones that are responsible for protecting the vital organs.

Cranium: Supports other bones in the head and protects the brain from injury.

Mandible: Holds the lower teeth in place and forms the lower jaw.

Clavicle: A double curved bone that connects the shoulder blade to the body just above the first rib.

Common injuries sustained by Footballers and Swimmers:

 Swimmers: The most common that injuries are mostly cause by overuse of working the muscles too hard. Swimmers shoulder is the most common of all, they are generally scapula or shoulder blade fatigue by lifting the arm and torn ligaments and tendons around the knee area by using the breast-stroke leg motion. Also another injury is the wearing of the lower disk plates in the spine from the dolphin and breast-stroke swimming styles.

The recommended treatment is long periods of rest.

Footballers: The most common injuries associated with footballers are generally knee or ankle injuries. These are loss of cartilage in the knee ligament this can cause problems later on like arthritis. Also spraining your ankles numerous times can also lead to cartilage loss.  

The importance of our Skeleton:

The importance of skeleton to us is very important, our skeleton provides support and the ability to move without our bones we would collapse. Our skeleton also provides protection of the vital organs like; our cranium which protects our brain and rib cage which protects our heart lungs and other major organs. Also without our skeletal system our muscles would not have anything to anchor to and therefor our muscles couldn't expand or contract.

How an x-ray machine works:

The main part of a x-ray machine that produces the beam is called the x-ray tube, it is a lead case which inside is a vacuum, that has a cathode which emits an electron beam that is attracted to a tungsten anode. The problem with this is that the tungsten anode is that it produces photons (the X-ray beam) but it also produces a large amount of heat, heat is a problem in a vacuum. It can be absorbed by a large anode by it would melt after some use.

So modern day x-ray's have a revolving anode so only a small part is exposed at a time, making it last a lot longer. Then whats left is the photon beam that passes through a series of filters before leaving the x-ray tube, and when the focused ray passes though the body it hits a film under the bench, it causes a chemical reaction and prints the x-ray.